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You can also make a good guess by hand cranking but always use a ratchet in case the engine fires. It is difficult to crank it by hand with a 10" ratchet at any speed. I listened to mine through the intake (pulled manifold), exhaust and crankcase. The valves were quiet with just a bit of...

The $30 Harbor Freight Tools diesel compression test set should have the adapter for testing through the glow plug port. Back when the TM was written, there were very few diesel tooling manufacturers and most compression gauge test sets were for large engines without glow plugs. Hence the use...

Glow plugs are not needed if it is above 50 F. Have you tested compression? Since you have had the cylinder head off, what did the bores look like? I have noticed a good number of 002A/003As have new engines. These have Onan data plates on them with 1990s contract dates. Just thinking Onan...

Have you checked to see if the injector pump is delivering fuel to the injectors? A sluggish IP will make purging the lines very slow. And if you didn't purge the lines by keeping the fuel line nut at the injector loose while cranking until you see fuel drip, it will take forever to purge the...

Knocking means timing or delivery quantity is out of specification. It would help to compare the fuel control lever position at governed speed, this is a delicate measurement but you have a good comparison. It could also be a leaking delivery valve, making injection pressure too low which...