Alodine would be the best to use. Doing sheetmetal work on aircraft it's the only way to go, and is required on aluminum structures. Epoxy may/ may not stick depending on how well you prep. I've always used scotchbrite and wiped with isopropyl or acetone. Paint doesn't stick to bare aluminum very well at all.
The other and probably easier to find option is a self etch primer, on aircraft we call it zinc chromate. You can find self etch with body work supplies anywhere from wally world to an auto parts store. Years ago I used aluminum diamond plate for a deck on a small trailer. Got a spray can of zinc chromate and a couple spray cans of cheap bedliner. Never came off.
Alodine is meant to dip the part for about 30 sec and rinse water. You could get away with brushing it on a horizontal surface, let it sit a bit and rinse. You want it to change the metal to a light gold color. It's the consistency of water, so in brushing it, if it's not scuffed well it won't etch well. Stuff's done like that on touchups on an aircraft repair where you obviously can't take the plane apart to stick it in a tank for a 6" area. Wear gloves working with alodine, it's an acid.... and it stinks. Plus, don't dump it down the drain.
I would go with epoxy or zinc (self etch) primer. Alodine would be great, but I think the other options would be way easier. Just make sure you scuff the surface good and clean good.