Since the M1009 has smaller tires they used the "adapter" to calibrate the speedometer
The TM 9-2320-289-34P, Figure 291 shows the adapter. Item #8
Whenever I find a part and I don't know what it is, I look at the parts manual for the item and then look at the name and part number. When I find the part number I google it. Usually it comes up with where to buy it (not always).
When you look in the parts TM, on some items it will show "UOC" numbers. Each of the different vehicles in the model family has its own "Usable On Code". Want to know what the different model codes are for the different trucks? The first part of the Parts Tech Manual list the different modes and codes. This applies to all most all the MVs.
The M1009 is code 209. When looking at the adapter it shows that only the "209" uses that part.
As far as the part for your 1009, A speedometer shop may have one. Or buy one used. With the age of our trucks and the fact that very few new vehicles use a cable, I would guess the parts houses don't carry them anymore.