The Cummins 250 is found in later 5 ton trucks. The M35 originally used a OA331 REO gas engine. Later models were powered with LDS427 multifuels. Later, the LD 465 (non turbo) was used. Sometime in the early 70"s, turbochargers were added to reduce smoke. Many many of the older trucks went through depot overhauls and got all the latest goodies, so you can find a late '50's Studebaker with LDT 465 engine, air shift T-case, and spring ride seats.
Some of the ANG trucks have had the fuel density compensator bypassed to eliminate the ability to run on any fuel but diesel. These motors are standard multifuels, and re connecting the FDC will get you right back in the "burn any fuel" game.
The Cummins 250 will not fit the deuce, way too long. There have been several members swap in the small Cummins engines used in Dodge trucks. There have been a couple of 3160/3208 V8 cats swapped in as well.
The LDT 465 engine has been built by Hercules, White, and Continental. As far as I know, they are completely identical and interchangeable.
It is a good old motor, but there are not a lot of aftermarket items available. The engine does not seem to respond to normal diesel performance mods due to the hypercycle combustion method. Look in the tech section, download the LDS 465 troubleshooting manual. It gives a good description of the combustion process and shows some good cutaway drawings.