A couple of weeks ago we were down to 18° one morning with the Arctic front that blew through and never made it above freezing at all that day. I decided to try it out on the 11 mile trip to work that morning to see how it did in the cold. It fired off after about 5 seconds (almost immediately is normal for mine) without the block heater or ether. I waited my usual 10 minutes to let everything get perculating while I preformed my pre-trip checks before driving. About two miles from work I was maintaining operating temperature with toasty air coming from the vents. I go easy on the throttle until it hits operating temperature but I do have a couple of long hills along the way.
A couple of months ago when I went through the cooling system, I verified the temp gauge at the sender and checked for proper thermostat operation among other things. Honestly, it doesn't take mine much longer to get to and maintain operating temperature below freezing than at 90° in my truck.
Some of this will be common knowledge but I'll go through it anyways. The specs listed are for the NHC250 but operation and testing should be the same on other motors. On a cold engine (at least 24 hours on a motor this large), make a note of the temperature of the thermostat housing and of the radiator itself prior to starting. Start the engine and allow the truck to idle to operating temperature. During this time, monitor the temperatures of the thermostat housing and the radiator. The radiator might warm slightly but should only be a negligible amount. The thermostat should remain closed until it reaches 175° (spec from the TM) then it should open, allowing coolant flow through the radiator. If the radiator warms close to or along with the motor before reaching operating temperature the first time then the thermostat isn't closing all the way. You will probably have trouble reaching and maintaining operating temperature in colder weather with a thermostat that won't close all the way.
The fan should come on at ~190° (from sketchy memory). If the fan comes on then the cooling capacity of the radiator has been reached. The fan should come on only if the radiator can't keep up with cooling demand to maintain operating temperature. If the temp drops below 190° then the fan should disengage. If the fan stays on then you will have trouble reaching and maintaining operating temperature. I don't think I've ever had my fan come on when the ambient temperature is 50° or below. That's because the radiator is able to keep up by itself.
As I said, most of this is common knowledge. The fan and thermostat need to be working properly though to keep things warm. At some point it is just too cold and a radiator cover is needed. What kind of temps have you been driving in?