Thanks!
Now for the Root Cause Analysis...something isn't right on the inside of the pump and from the TM pictures and diagrams, it looks like it might be the control rod which links the governor to the control collar. Almost as if some jack leg pulled the engine stop and hit full throttle, causing the op rod to bend/jam OR the control bellcrank boss to jump out of the control collar.
The control collar's position is what determines injection quantity (IQ). The op rod position is determined through the throttle position AND engine speed.
Basically, the pump input is at engine speed. The input from the front first spins the timing adjuster which advances timing as engine speed increases through a flyweight system. After the timing section is the hydraulic drive, a 3-lobed cam which causes the single fuel piston to move vertically. The piston also spins at HALF engine speed, this is the distributor system as the fuel flows into a central hole in the piston, then out one radial slot which aligns with the bore for the proper injector. So for every engine revolution of the engine, the piston moves up and down 3 times and makes 1/2 turn.
The piston's central bore continues on to one more radial slot. This slot is blocked by the control collar. Since the piston is moving vertically to pressurize the diesel, height of this collar on the piston determines duration of the injection and the quantity of the diesel injected.
Aft of the hydraulic section is the governor section. This is another device similar to the timing section, only its purpose is to limit collar height when engine speed increases, keeping the engine from becoming scrap metal. The throttle is SECONDARY to the governor, the governor has absolute authority.
This problem isn't new! There is nothing new under the sun...
http://www.steelsoldiers.com/deuce/29359-m35a2c-clogged-fuel-system.html?nojs=1#post309077
Go to the image, that is it although this truck doesn't have rusty safety wire...